Analysis of Heat Transfer Characteristics at Cold and Hot Sides of Thermoelectric Refrigerator
WANG Yanjin,LUO Qinghai,XIONG Jun,LIU Jianxiang,ZHANG Pengfei
Abstract:The influence of heat transfer at cold and hot sides on performance of thermoelectric refrigerator is analyzed by numerical simulation.The performance and energy saving benefit of thermoelectric refrigerator can be significantly improved by adjusting the heat radiation triode and intensity at cold and hot sides according to refrigerating capacity.When refrigerating capacity is large,the efficiency of changing the temperature of heat exchange medium is better than that of only changing the heat transfer coefficient on surface of radiator fins,and the efficiency at hot side is more obvious than that at cold side.
① 保持冷端溫度10℃和環(huán)境溫度30℃不變,對(duì)應(yīng)不同冷熱端溫差時(shí),冷端肋片表面?zhèn)鳠嵯禂?shù)隨電流的變化見圖5。由圖5可知,電流小于7.5A,冷熱端溫差及環(huán)境溫度一定時(shí),要維持冷端溫度恒定,冷端肋片表面?zhèn)鳠嵯禂?shù)隨著電流的增加而增大。不同冷熱端溫差,冷端肋片表面?zhèn)鳠嵯禂?shù)差別較大,溫差越小,冷端肋片表面?zhèn)鳠嵯禂?shù)越大。
② 保持冷端溫度10℃和環(huán)境溫度30℃不變,對(duì)應(yīng)不同冷熱端溫差時(shí),熱端肋片表面?zhèn)鳠嵯禂?shù)隨電流的變化見圖6。由圖6可知,肋片表面?zhèn)鳠嵯禂?shù)隨電流的增加而增大,且增加幅度較大。冷端溫度一定時(shí),冷熱端溫差越小,熱端肋片表面?zhèn)鳠嵯禂?shù)越大。
③ 工況1:輸入電流為4A,保持熱端溫度為40℃,冷熱端溫差為30℃,熱電制冷器的制冷量為25.6W,熱端換熱介質(zhì)溫度為30℃,冷端肋片表面?zhèn)鳠嵯禂?shù)為85W/(m2·K)時(shí),達(dá)到穩(wěn)定時(shí)冷端溫度分布見圖7。圖中數(shù)據(jù)為各等溫層溫度,單位為℃,圖8~10采用同樣方法標(biāo)注。工況2:若熱端換熱介質(zhì)溫度為33℃,要獲得同樣的丁作溫度,則冷端肋片表面?zhèn)鳠嵯禂?shù)為60W/(m2·K),達(dá)到穩(wěn)定時(shí)冷端溫度分布見圖8。
① 冷熱端散熱強(qiáng)度對(duì)熱電制冷性能影響較大,不同冷熱端溫差工況下,根據(jù)不同輸入電流,調(diào)整換熱方式和強(qiáng)度,以獲得更佳的制冷性能和節(jié)能效益。
② 提高冷端換熱介質(zhì)溫度和降低熱端換熱介質(zhì)溫度,對(duì)熱電制冷器性能的提高有利。當(dāng)熱端制熱量大時(shí),單純依靠提高肋片表面?zhèn)鳠嵯禂?shù)效果并不明顯,而降低換熱介質(zhì)溫度的效果更為顯著。 ③減少各傳熱環(huán)節(jié)熱阻、優(yōu)化散熱器結(jié)構(gòu)、改善散熱器材料熱導(dǎo)率分布等方法對(duì)熱電制冷熱力系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,以提高熱電制冷性能。
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